INTRODUCTORY PROBLEMS 1 . WEIRD ALGORITHM SOLUTION: #include < bits / stdc ++. h >  using  namespace  std ; int  main (){ 	 long  long  n ; //beacuse n can be greater than max size of int. 	cin >> n ; 	 while ( n != 1 ){ // loop will break when n become 1. 		cout <<  n <<  " " ; 		 if ( n & 1 ) n =  n * 3 + 1 ;  // when n is odd. 		 else  n =  n / 2 ;       // when n is even. 	 } 	cout <<  "1" ; 	 } 2 . MISSING NUMBER SOLUTION : LOGIC: just sum all the inputs and subtract from total sum(n*(n+1)/2). #include < bits / stdc ++. h > using  namespace  std ; int  main (){          long  long  n , s , sum = 0 ;                cin >> n ;           for ( long  long  i = 0 ; i < n - 1 ; i ++){              cin >> s ; sum += s ; //sum all the inputs.           }    ...